History of Arab Army

Brief History of the The Jordanian Armed Forces/ Arab Army

Each of us knows and cherishes that this country was created and founded on the message of the Arab revolution led by Sharif Hussein bin Ali to liberate and unify the nation. Therefore, Jordan, with God’s help, will remain the Arab and Muslim Jordan, belonging to its Arab and Islamic nation, and keen to fulfill its national and religious duty towards all Arab and Islamic issues. And we will not accept, under any circumstances, that our relationship with any country or party be at the expense of our relationship with our Arab or Islamic nation, and the affiliation of this country to the Arab revolution, and the affiliation of its leadership to the honorable prophetic Doha requires us to be the first to stand up to the defense of Islam, Arabs and Muslims"

From the speech of His Majesty King Abdullah II on the 60th Independence Day of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan on May 25, 2006.introduction:

The Jordanian Arab Army was established in 1921 AD in line with theestablishment of the state, and with the formation of the first Jordanian government on April11, 1921 AD. The armed forces were formed with trained combat forces that fought the operations of the Great Arab Revolt within the organization of the Eastern Army under the leadership of Prince Abdullah bin Al Hussein. It also included an elite of experienced Arab officers who were in the Turkish army, and then joined the forces of the Great Arab Revolt to give the Jordan army the character of professionalism and the ability to perform duty, and they contributed to the organization of the army that bore the name of the Arab Army since the first independence of the state was achieved in the name of the Arab East Government. On May 25, 1923 AD.

Transjordan 1921-1923: The mechanized Force as the first organization of the Jordanian Arab Army:

the end of1930 AD, and its beginning was only with eight individuals and four cars, then the camel force began with 41 soldiers, to develop this force in terms of number to become in 1931 AD three officers and 95 other ranks. As for the number of military forces, it reached 1046 soldiers.

Establishment of the Jordanian Badia Forces affiliated with the Arab Army:

Frederick Bek wrote in his book, The Arab Leadership, published in English on page 69: “In 1926, when Ma’an and Aqaba joined Transjordan, three hundred new soldiers were recruited, including one hundred camels, to maintain security in and around Ma’an. In1930, with the arrival of Major Club to work as an assistant in the leadership of the Arab army with an additional special task for him to stop external attacks and invasions, one hundred and fifty soldiers were recruited, all of them from Bedouins and divided into camel and mechanized forces.

The participation of the Jordanian Arab Army in World War II, starting in 1939:

Jordanian-British Treaty:

The first Jordanian agreement with Britain was on February 20, 1928 AD, which represented the full recognition of the Jordanian state, and the name of the state was changed from the Government of the Arab East to the Emirate of Transjordan.

Deployment of Jordanian forces in Palestine:

There was a close relationship between the Jordanians and the Palestinians, which dates back to 1921 and beyond. At the beginning of their inception, the Jordanian parties focused on the Arabism of Palestine, warning against Jewish immigration to it, and the need for Arab action to confront what is happening. We refer to the clear role of the Jordanian Arab Army, which was secretly as follows: Providing Palestinian militants with ammunition and light weapons, and training militants to use weapons.

The active participation of the Jordanian forces in the Battle of El Alamein in the Western Desert of Egypt. The Battle of El Alamein is considered one of the most famous battles of the Second World War. Klub Pasha mentioned in his book (The Story of the Arab Army), as it had a major role in supporting the Allied forces during the battle. Britain chose to participate in the Jordanian forces in The Battle of El Alamein due to the experience of the Jordanian Arab Army in the desert war and because of the similarity of the desert environment with the Jordanian environment, in addition to the equipment and armament of the Jordanian forces suitable for desert and mobile operations.

The first nucleus of the Royal Jordanian Air Force:

The need for air power arose in the 1948 Palestine War, and Arab air support had no effect in this war, and Jordan did not have any air force. On July 22, 1948 , His Majesty the King requested to start training Jordanian pilots to be the nucleus of a Jordanian air force. A number of Jordanian officers who were on various military courses in Britain at the time were summoned and others were dispatched on July 1, 1949, and they were immediately attached to a pilot training course at the Primary Flight School in Buckingham. From July 1951, at Marka Airport, they were eight pilots: three observation pilots, and five transport pilots. The Army Aviation Force developed to consist of three Austers, two Dragon Rapids and four Dove planes, and the nucleus of the Army’s flight force was originally seven small transport planes that were purchased from Arab Airlines in July 1948 AD, Jordanian citizens donated to collect its price.

The Jordanian Arab Army in the 1948 Palestine War:

The armament of the Jordanian Arab Army in the 1948 AD was the infantry forces in the first place, and there were no combat aircraft or heavy artillery, but 25-pound and less cannons, and there were no tanks but light armored vehicles, The organization of the main army is as follows:

quantity	equality
72cannons	Heavy armored vehicles with a 2-pound cannon and two machine guns
52 armored vehicles	Reconnaissance armored vehicles
16 cannons	25 lb field cannon
38 cannons	6 lb anti-tank gun
40 cannons	3-inch mortar gun
29 cannons	2-inch mortar gun
22 machine guns	Berne light sprinkler
668 machine gun	Thompson submachine gun
7359 rifle	Gun

This statistic does not include the 1,150 rifles and 35 machine guns that the Jordanian army supplied to the Palestinian militants.

In terms of manpower, the census of the army in May 1948 was (6500 between officers and soldiers), and the combat strength is 4500 soldiers and officers.

The position of His Majesty King Abdullah I regarding the imposition of the armistice on June 11, 1948:

The United Nations imposed a truce on May 29, 1948 to stop the fighting in Palestine, and the Jordanian army was refusing to stop the fighting because it was achieving victories and steadfastness in its positions, and King Abdullah I made a consultative political tour that included Riyadh, Baghdad and Cairo to mobilize more effort to achieve the goal for which the countries entered The Arab League to fight in Palestine, which is its liberation and the call to reject the armistice, but there were political pressures, and the Security Council took a decision to prevent the export of weapons to the combat zone, and as a result, a British ship was seized in the Suez Canal carrying important special military equipment and ammunition for the Jordanian army, which affected the strength of the Jordanian army. The fire of the Jordanian army, and with all that our army achieved victories in all its battles.

The role of the commander-in-chief of the Arab armies, King Abdullah I in the war:

The Arabs unanimously chose His Majesty King Abdullah I as commander-in-chief of the Arab forces in Palestine, but no army committed to this decision except for the Iraqi army at the beginning of the war only. Lydda and Ramle were not among the responsibilities of the Jordanian army in the 1948 war, but were among the responsibilities of the Iraqi army, and Iraq refused to join the (Rhodes) negotiations, so the Iraqi army withdrew and left the area empty, so the Israeli forces advanced easily and occupied Lydda and Ramle and wanted to advance to the areas of Nablus and Jenin And Tulkarm Vsdhm Jordanian army to the attackers and maintained.

The Jordanian Arab Army fought many battles, the most important of which are the famous battles in Bab al-Wad and Latrun, as well as (the Battle of the Jewish Quarter. The Battle of Notre Dame. The Battle of Musheram District. The Battle of Sheikh Jarrah. The Battle of Ras Karkar. The Battle of Yalu. The Battle of the Tower. Artouf The Battle of Qula The Battle of Ramat Rachel The Battle of Iraq Suwaidan And in Transjordan: The Battle of Ghor al-Safi Amman was subjected to aerial bombardment. An agreement was reached to exchange Jewish prisoners in exchange for the release of thousands of Palestinian prisoners from the villages of Jaffa and the areas of Haifa, Lydda and Ramle.

the most important battles of the Jordanian army are the battles in Bab al-Wad and Latrun, as well as (the Battle of the Jewish Quarter. The Battle of Notre Dame. The Battle of Musheram District, the Battle of Sheikh Jarrah, the Battle of Ras Karkar, the Battle of Yalu, the Battle of the Tower, Artouf The Battle of Qula The Battle of Ramat Rachel , the Battle of Iraq Suwaidan and in Transjordan: The Battle of Ghor al-Safi Amman was subjected to aerial bombardment.) An agreement was reached to exchange Jewish prisoners in exchange for the release of thousands of Palestinian prisoners from the villages of Jaffa and the areas of Haifa, Lydda and Ramle.

The Jordanian army was able to form a new battalion during the operations, the Fifth Battalion, in the Beit Hanina area during the armistice to reinforce the forces of the Jordanian Arab Army. The Jordanian Arab Army thwarted all Israeli plans to occupy Jerusalem, as well as to open the road between Bab al-Wad and Jerusalem. The Fourth Battalion led by (Habes al-Majali) in Bab al-Wad and the Sixth Battalion led by Abdullah al-Tal were able to tighten control over the central sector, especially Jerusalem. The Jordanian Arab Army provided about 350 martyrs and more than a thousand wounded, in addition to about fifty Jordanian civilian volunteers in the 1948 war.

Jordan cared for sheltered and the Palestinian refugees, and King Abdullah issued instructions to respect and appreciate the refugees and to accommodate and treat them kindly. Jordan spent from its modest budget on accommodating refugees, and a special ministry was established to deal with their affairs.

The Arab Army during the era of the late King Talal bin Abdullah, may God rest his soul, 1951-1952 AD:

The era of the late King Talal was distinguished as the era of reform and development, and the completion of the constitution, which was issued on January 8, 1952 AD, and despite the short period of his rule, which amounted to eleven months, 207 laws and regulations related to the armed forces were issued during his reign, and among the provisions in the constitution related to the armed forces Article 32: The King is the supreme commander of the land, sea and air forces. Article 33 Paragraph 1: The King is the one who declares war, concludes peace and concludes treaties and agreements, and Article 37 Paragraph 1: The King creates, grants and restores civil and military ranks, medals, and other honors, and he may delegate this authority to others. by special law.

Formation of the Jordanian Arab Army Brigades:

The most prominent of these was the establishment of the Royal Naval Force, which first bore the name “The Arab Army Fleet” on February 1, 1952 AD, and it consisted of three boats in the Dead Sea, and 19 officers and soldiers were transferred to it as a salary. The units that were formed include the 3rd Artillery Battalion, the Army Artillery Command, the Royal Army Command, the 1st Field Engineering Battalion of the Medical Units, the detachments and the formation of the 3rd Orchestra, the number of new units that were formed during the reign of His Majesty reached 19 units, in addition to His Majesty’s sponsorship of the graduation ceremony of the second course of candidates on December 26, 1952 AD.

His Majesty, the Supreme Commander of the Jordanian Armed Forces, the late King Hussein bin Talal:

His Majesty received his constitutional powers on May 2, 1953 AD, directed towards developing the armed forces and thinking quickly about Arabizing the army leadership, activating its national role, and providing it with modern weapons. The Jordanian Arab Army was efficient and strong if it fought all battles with honor and heroism and achieved the greatest victory in the history of Modern Arabs in the Battle of Eternal Dignity on March 21, 1968 AD.

Organizing the Jordanian Arab Army during the reign of His Majesty Al-Hussein:

After the decision to Arabize the Army Command, the development plan for the Jordanian Arab Army was launched. On April 18, 1961, an order was issued to form the Royal Armored Force, and it included two fighting groups: the first group included the first Royal Guard units, and the second group included armored weapons units, in addition to the First Armored Battalion and the Armored Force Training Center. The armored force was led by Brigadier General Sharif Nasser bin Jamil, and this is a model of similar decisions for the development of the army, but on April 9, 1964 AD, the Jordanian Armed Forces Law was issued.

Armed Forces Battles:

The Battle of As-Samou`, November 13, 1966 AD

The Jordanian forces fought valiantly with the Israeli forces, which were better armed, but they were nevertheless able to defeat them before the end of the day. The Israeli forces retreated after the killing of Colonel Yoav Shaham, the commander of the Israeli Paratroopers Brigade.

• The Jordanian Arab Army in the June 1967 War:

Before delving into the history of the June 1967 war, it is necessary to address these brief topics:

The war began on the morning of Monday, June 5, at five o’clock in the morning, with a comprehensive air attack on the Egyptian airports simultaneously. Then the attack on the Syrian airports, and then the attack on Amman Airport around 11 am. Here, the military operations began on the Jordanian front, and the first military statement was issued.

The external and internal battle for Jerusalem:

About 100 Jordanian soldiers were martyred in the courtyard of Al-Aqsa Mosque while they were defending Al-Quds Al-Sharif, but the Jordanians in Al-Quds found themselves fighting over its walls, in isolation from any other Jordanian forces. Al-Quds was completely encircled, however, the Jordanian soldiers continued to fight even after the ceasefire.

The Battle of Eternal Dignity and the Great Victory of the Jordanian Army on March 21, 1969:

“Twenty-three units of the Jordanian Armed Forces, and the strength of each unit is not less than three hundred soldiers and officers.” These are the military units that achieved victory in Karama on March 21, 1968 AD and fought in seven battles and in seven positions on the same day on a front whose length spanned more than a hundred A kilometer from the Al-Masry triangle in the north to Ghor Fifa in the south, and the area of the Karama battlefield was about 1,200 square kilometres. The town of Al-Karama did not constitute more than 1 square kilometer only.

The Jordanian Arab Army in the October 73 War on the Golan Front:

The Jordanian 40th Armored Brigade moved to the Syrian front, and its arrival was completed on October 13, 1973. It fought its first battles on October 16, when it was placed under the command of the Iraqi 3rd Armored Division. It worked alongside the Iraqi brigades and the 40th Armored Strike Brigade forced the Israeli forces to retreat 10 km.

The 40th Armored Brigade was reorganized on the night of October 16 -17 1973 and the shortage of equipment was filled. At the dawn of October 19, 1973, the second counterattack began in the same sector (Sasa’ al-Quneitra). For a distance of 4 km within the brigade sector. It was scheduled to launch a comprehensive attack along the front on October 23, and determine the outcome of the war in a fateful battle, but the political solution was a race and the military operations stopped, Jordan presented 23 martyrs in this battle, led by the martyr Captain Farid the Chechen, to the youngest Jordanian martyr, the martyr Raji Abdul Latif Al-Masafah.

The Jordanian Arab Army in Internal Security Operations and Achieving Security and Stability 1969-1971:

Jordan lived a difficult stage after the guerrilla action deviated from the resistance and considering that the main enemy was Israel, and after leaving the front line and entering Jordanian cities and villages, exercising the authority of the state and carrying out attacks on citizens, assaulting security centers and state institutions, and practicing extortion and liquidation, Here the decision was to impose security and control over matters to protect property and people.

On February 10, 1970, His Majesty the late King Hussein visited Cairo and agreed with Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser to limit any wrong actions taken by Palestinian organizations in Jordan without resorting to the use of military force against him. In early September 1970, the Popular Front hijacked three planes. One of them is Swiss, the other is American, and the third is British. The planes were forced to land in (Qia'an Khanna), a desert area east of Zarqa, and the hijackers disembarked the passengers and destroyed the three planes.

The plan of the General Command of the Armed Forces aimed to expel all the Palestinian organizations’ factions from the cities, especially the capital Amman, within 48 hours. On the situation and achieving the goal, all the factions will be expelled from Amman, with only a few elements remaining inside the buildings. An Arab mediation mission headed by Sudanese President Jaafar al-Numeiri arrived, and an Arab summit was attended by Arab leaders, including His Majesty King Hussein, may his soul rest in peace, as was attended by the Palestinian organizations, Yasser Arafat, and it ended. The conference signed the Cairo Agreement, which was signed by all Arab presidents.

The Jordanian Armed Forces - the Jordanian Arab Army in global peacekeeping operations:

After the Second World War, the establishment of the United Nations was in 1945, and its main objective was to achieve security and peace according to the text of its charter. One of the first issues that faced the United Nations was the question of Palestine and the ongoing war in it, and the Security Council had issued Resolution No. 181 on 29 November 1947, and then a monitoring team was formed to implement the decision on the ground in Palestine, and the Jordanian Arab army was stationed in Palestine as part of the Allied forces with Britain when Jordan fought alongside Britain and the Jordanian companies were deployed in various locations in it Here, the decision did not exclude Jordan's participation in the international monitoring force, and Jordan had delegates in the International Committee for its knowledge of the land and the population and to provide security for the international monitoring team, and the Jordanian role was technical in its communication with the Arab population and its knowledge of the land. Thus, this is the first Jordanian participation in the United Nations peacekeeping operations, and it was not official because Jordan was not yet a member of the United Nations.

Angola 1989 The first peace mission of the Jordanian Arab Army officially within the missions of the United Nations:

The International Police CIVPOL, Liaison Officers and Military Observers The volume of Jordanian participation until January 2013 in the various missions of the United Nations, which numbered 19 different missions, was 102,098 officers and individuals in different regions of the world. The volume of Jordanian participation in 2014 amounted to “1637” officers and members. The number of countries in which our armed forces participated as peacekeepers reached 38, the number of hospitals, surgical stations and clinics reached 20, and the number of people who visited military hospitals and surgical stations over the previous years was about 4 million people.

Martyrs of the Jordanian Arab Army during peacekeeping missions in the world:

The Jordanian peacekeeping forces in the various areas of responsibility gave 38 martyrs. The Hashemite leadership is always keen to appreciate the martyrs, and His Majesty the Supreme Commander, King Abdullah II, often receives the bodies of the martyrs when they are transported to Jordan. The circumstances of the martyrdom of our soldiers differed. There were those who were martyred because of natural disasters, such as the fall of a plane during the performance of duty, and others because of traffic accidents, falls or drowning, and others

Jordan and the message of peace in the world:

Jordan's participation in peacekeeping operations in the world came as a realization of the mission of our Arab Jordanian army in the service of humanity. Through its involvement in all kinds of peace operations, Jordan seeks to achieve the following goals:

(Assisting in eliminating the scourge of wars, relief of the needy and lifting injustice from peoples. Emphasizing Jordan’s love for security, peace and justice. Preserving Jordan’s good reputation, marketing it globally and publicizing it, enhancing its position and political weight, raising its standing on the international arena, and realizing the blessing of security and stability that Jordan enjoys. And the value and dignity of the Jordanian human being, the preservation of his freedom and the preservation of his rights, and the importance of his national unity compared to what others encounter and suffer and live in countries experiencing civil wars, political conflicts and divisions that lead to security chaos, chaos, killing and displacement).

The Human Army: Hospitals in Conflict Zones:

Under the directives of His Majesty King Abdullah II Ibn Al Hussein, the Supreme Commander of the Jordanian Armed Forces - the Arab Army, Field Hospital No. (1) was sent to Gaza on December 28, 2009, and upon the arrival of the hospital’s staff consisting of 216 Jordanian soldiers, including a doctor, a nurse and an administrator, he began his work. The preparation of 17 clinics to receive patients from Gaza, and the number of hospitals reached 62, where each hospital spends a period of two months. On the other hand, the surgical station in Ramallah continued its work, and the other in Jenin, providing health services to families in the two cities. There are Jordanian emergency hospitals that are sent to help in cases of various disasters. From the point of view of the Hashemite vision and the humanitarian role of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Jordan immediately takes the initiative to send hospitals, in addition to work teams according to specialization and need, to disaster areas such as earthquakes, explosions, floods and wars, and perhaps the last of which was the hospital to brotherly Lebanon following the explosion that occurred in the port of Beirut. Lebanon, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Libya and others.

The Supreme Commander of the Jordanian Armed Forces - the Jordanian Arab Army:

His Majesty began the path of governance and leadership with the constants of the Jordanian state and a Hashemite approach. He directed the Jordanian citizen first to take care of him in his daily life. His Majesty’s continuous visits to all regions of the Kingdom were inspecting the countryside and the desert, and His Majesty issued directives to improve the quality of life for citizens, so the programs were implemented according to a well-studied plan that includes all parts of the Kingdom . With the start of the ruling path, His Majesty's first visit was to the Second Hussein.

The Jordanian army in the global war against terrorism and extremism:

Global terrorism has become a global war of a dangerous and renewed type that dominates the world. His Majesty King Abdullah II said, "We will not wait for terrorism to reach us, but we must go to it and confront it." Jordan entered forcefully with the free and moderate world in the face of extremism and terrorism, and our forces participated in Afghanistan and also in Yemen, as well as through the Royal Jordanian Air Force, to participate in the operations of attacking and bombing terrorist dens wherever they are. Captain Pilot Moath Al-Kasasbeh was martyred in one of the joint raids on terrorist dens. On the other hand, a joint Jordanian-American training center was established in 2017 to study the methods of combating terrorism and extremism which offers a master's degree in counter terrorism for one academic year. The Jordanian Arab Army made sacrifices in operations to combat extremism and terrorism while fighting gangs in different locations in Jordan or around the world. Jordan, under its wise leadership, is still a major partner with the global coalition in operations to combat extremism and terrorism. It still defends the Islamic faith and refuses to describe this doctrine. in any terrorist capacity, Jordan has developed a global strategy to confront extremism and terrorism, and Jordan has identified the basic elements of its strategy to combat terrorism within an integrated plan, which includes three dimensions, internal, regional and international, and three areas: confronting extremist ideologies, enhancing social cohesion and building social flexibility, and is also based on two axes, namely security and Military. Jordan's strategy in combating terrorism is based on the principle that "sound thought, strong argument, persuasion and ideological dialogue are important and basic elements" and adopted by the state in its strategy. In this regard, the Jordanian government adopts a strategy to spread awareness of the danger of extremism and terrorism through various official institutions and civil society institutions.

The Jordanian Armed Forces in the face of Syrian refugees:

The role of the Jordanian Armed Forces in confronting the waves of Syrian refugees was characterized as the “humanitarian role of the fighting army.” Since the beginning of the crisis on March 15, 2011, the Jordanian Arab Army has played an integrated role in facing the crisis, and the role that was unique was the following: The ability to harmonize between the humanitarian duty and the security duty. And the ability to build an information system related to the verification of the identity of the refugee and his follow-up, the logistical force by providing transportation and protection over twenty-four hours a day, Providing health care to the needy, humane treatment in a manner that considers psychological factors and mitigate the horror of the crisis among refugees, and as a result of these characteristics for our Arab Jordanian army, all capabilities were employed, efforts were doubled, and its qualified cadres were increased, to keep pace with the security challenges that resulted from these waves, which are: The Jordanian-Syrian border is long up to 375 km. These limits are distinguished It is inhabited by both sides and is almost open, and that the residents on both sides are distinguished by kinship, intermarriage and knowledge, and this poses a special security challenge, an abnormal flow of refugees that has reached more than 1,377,552 Syrian refugees, the emergence of accompanying challenges represented in the problems of smuggling, drugs, theft, infiltration and others. The discovery of sleeper cells awaiting the right time to carry out terrorist operations, and to confront these challenges, the northern front was covered by the border guards with control and control points, in addition to the role of public security and gendarmerie centers.

The border guards were provided with high technologies to face any emergency, in addition to holding specialized courses for members of the armed forces on how to deal with refugees.

The Jordanian Armed Forces set up a field hospital in the free zone to treat Syrian refugees with a full treatment system and to transfer difficult cases to Jordanian hospitals.

The Jordanian Armed Forces - the Arab Army implements global military exhibitions and joint international exercises With the establishment of the King Abdullah II Center for Design and Development, the defense weapons industry emerged in Jordan, and this extended to global participation in this field, and entry into the world of arms manufacturing, and here we see that the SOFEX International Exhibition In Jordan (Special Operations Forces Equipment ExhibitionIt is a translation of Jordan’s position in the world when we realize that the 2018 exhibition was attended by 352 countries from 62 countries, and 103 delegations from 53 countries participated in it, knowing that this exhibition is organized every two years in Amman, knowing that the 2018 edition is its twelfth, and it was among the The 13th session is scheduled to be organized in March 2020, but it was postponed due to the Corona pandemic. Joint military exercises with armies from around the world aimed at exchanging military expertise and coordinating efforts to combat extremism and terrorism, maintain global stability, and develop fighting methods, And organizing military competitions in martial arts and the use of weapons, and the Jordanian forces are organizing bilateral military exercises with the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Egypt. As for the Eager Lion exercise, the exercise was organized in its ninth session for the year 2019 with the participation of 29 countries.

His Majesty King Abdullah II’s directives to dedicate a day to military veterans and retirees:

His Majesty, the Supreme Commander of the Jordanian Armed Forces - the Jordanian Arab Army, directed the government to dedicate a day to veterans and military retirees, in appreciation of their role in sacrifices and efforts in serving Jordan and the just causes of the Arab nation since the establishment of the Jordanian state. The 15th of February of each year was chosen to be the Day of Veterans and Military Veterans.

The modern structure of the Jordanian armed forces to increase effectiveness and firepower:

The Jordanian armed forces keep pace with global developments in the field of weapons and military technology, and there is a continuous development and change in the nature of the threats facing the world, and with it a change must be introduced in the pattern of addressing these threats, and Jordan, as a country, has been absent from facing challenges in all their forms, especially since the events of the 1948 Palestine war. It is heading to develop his defense system to adapt to threats and increase the strength and effectiveness of fire.

The Jordanian Army in the Recapture of Al-Baqoura and Al-Ghamr:

On February 11, 1995, the Jordanian armed forces entered Al-Baqoura and took full control of it, in the presence of the late King Hussein, may his soul rest in peace. The peace agreement required that Al-Baqura and Al-Ghamr remain leased for the lands occupied by Jews for a period of 25 years, and that either party would warn the other party a year before the end of the period of its desire for complete evacuation. That firm decision of His Majesty King Abdullah II on October 21, 2018 to end this file was a decision approving the termination of the work.

A Royal Decree was issued approving Cabinet Resolution No. (1591) dated October 21, 2018, approving the notification to the Israeli government of termination of work related to No. (1) (B) in the Al-Baqoura / Naharim area, and in the related No. (1) (C) in the area Al-Ghamr / Tzofar, from the peace treaty between the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the State of Israel. Published in the Official Gazette, Issue 6719, dated October 22, 2018.

Hence the executive decision to end the work and hand over the entire land to Jordan in Al-Baqoura and Al-Ghamr on May 1, 2020, “officially with the end of the period that was given to the Israeli farmers in Al-Baqoura, and from this date Israel has no longer any relationship definitively in the Al-Baqoura area.”

In his throne speech on the occasion of the opening of the fourth ordinary session of the 18th Parliament, His Majesty King Abdullah II said: "Today I announce the termination of the work of the annexes of the Al-Ghamr and Al-Baqoura regions in the peace agreement, and the imposition of our full sovereignty on every inch of it." From February 11, 1995, until the final handover of Al-Baqoura on May 1, 2020, the administration and protection of the two areas and control of the entry of Israeli farmers, according to arrangements imposed by the Jordanian army.

After full Jordanian control and the Jordanian army's continued guarding and defense, the two areas were opened to civilian visitors to learn about the history of the area and how it was fully recovered.

The vital role of the Jordanian Arab Army in confronting the Corona epidemic as a model:

Jordanian measures began to confront the Corona epidemic from mid-March 2020, and the measures were aimed at the safety of citizens and preventing the spread of the epidemic, and His Majesty King Abdullah II Ibn Al Hussein ordered the work of Defense Law No13 in 1992, Article 124 of the Jordanian constitution states that “if something happens that calls for defending the homeland in a state of emergency, the Defense Law shall be issued.”

The Defense Law order No. 1 was issued on March 19, 2020, then Defense Order No. 2 came on March 21, which imposed a curfew and movement in cars from seven in the morning until further notice, but orders were issued to the Jordanian Armed Forces to implement these defense orders, The Jordanian forces closed the entrances to the cities and were stationed in the main streets, and it was a state of emergency by 100%. The spread of the Jordanian army in every place was satisfied with the citizens, and the role of the Jordanian army exceeded the tasks of control and closure to various humanitarian roles in serving the citizens, and this role was in partnership with the various security services.

His Majesty the Supreme Commander was in contact with his valiant soldiers and visited them in the field, and His Majesty said: The Jordanian army is doing humanitarian work in combating the new Corona virus, which has turned into a global epidemic "a pandemic'', His Majesty said, "The efforts made by the armed forces, the citizens' shouldering of their responsibilities, and the solidarity of all.

EP:

The emergence of the People’s Army dates back to the year 1950 AD. The National Guard was established with the aim of assisting the armed forces by forming new battalions of citizens who carry light weapons to defend themselves in the border villages in the West Bank, and they played a major role in repelling the attacks on the villages. In 1982, a royal decree was issued to form the People’s Army with the aim of arming citizens and raising their ability to resist any aggression. The People’s Army Law issued in 1985 AD stipulated that the People’s Army is responsible for defending the homeland, defending its independence, and fortifying its cities and villages. Protecting the lines of the armed forces, carrying out civil defense work, securing public facilities, and countering enemy rumors. Citizens are trained within an integrated program. The People’s Army Law stipulates that the following categories are obligated to join the People’s Army: (High school students/first secondary grade. Community college students/first year. Second year university students. Citizens aged 16-55).

Royal Medical Services:

In the beginning, it was known as the Army Ambulance, and then the Army Medicine, and its establishment was in 1941. The beginnings were with medical groups, then companies and clinics in units, until the construction of three hospitals together began, the main hospital in Marka, and Prince Rashid Hospital The military in Zarqa, and Prince Hashem Hospital in Idoun, Irbid. After that, the chain of military hospitals began with the construction of Al-Hussein Medical City in the early seventies and the expansion of the adoption of field hospitals, to become a global ready to provide their services anywhere outside Jordan.

The family treatment project had the impact of developing health services to reach the soldier and his family easily and easily and now provides comprehensive medical care to about 1.5 million citizens through Al-Hussein Medical City. medical. Sending special medical teams in cases of disasters and conflicts (Iraq, Yemen, Turkey, Albania, Iran, Maldives, Indonesia, Pakistan, Lebanon). Equipping and opening private hospitals and field stations for some brotherly and friendly countries (Iraq, Jenin, Ramallah, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Gaza……) Participation in peacekeeping forces and humanitarian missions and sending medical battalions and hospitals of the second and third levels: (Croatia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Kosovo, East Timor, Sierra Leone, Eritrea / Ethiopia, Liberia, Burundi, Haiti, Ivory Coast, Congo). And the opening of military field hospitals to provide specialized curative medical service and in stages to treat the people of remote areas that are not served by the public health sector in the eastern Badia (Al-Manara area, Deir al-Kahf, Azraq, Sobha and Subhiya, Mughir al-Sarhan, Hamra triangle, Zaatari triangle, Al-Ba’j, Al-Salihiya area and in the Badia The southern regions (Qariqa, Al-Rajif, Al-Disi, Al-Jarba, Al-Jafr, Ayl, Bir Mazkour and Al-Rishah district).

Directorate of Military Women's Affairs:

The Directorate of Military Women’s Affairs was established in the beginning of 1995 to highlight the role of women in the Jordanian armed forces and to indicate its importance. A special department concerned with military women's affairs headed by HRH Princess Aisha bint Al Hussein A distinctive expression that Jordanian women are proud of, as it gave them a strong motivation to join the armed forces, as well as her frequent visits to the fields of work of women to some sisterly and friendly armies to learn about the tasks and duties of the methods of qualification and training. my boss Military Women's Affairs to the Military Women's Affairs Department.

The military woman has been able to prove her existence to reach her ambition through her work in the armed forces.

The role of military women in peacekeeping forces:

A number of female military recruits of different ranks participated in peacekeeping operations in the field of nursing in Jordanian hospitals in different regions such as Liberia. In Liberia, Afghanistan and others.

Education and military Culture:

The Directorate of Military Education and Culture focuses on the following: (Providing educational services from the first grade until the end of the secondary stage. Improving the cultural level of the Jordanian Armed Forces personnel. Representing its spread in remote places that it provides service to those who are difficult to reach the education service. Attention to Jordanian national education). The emergence and development of the Directorate of Military Culture is a procession for the establishment of the Jordanian state, and the beginnings were by adopting the method of the mobile teacher who roams the valleys and gathers children for their education, And the police stations were used a lot to gather students to receive lessons, then it came to the case that there was a mobile school that distributed the days of the week among more than one camping place for the Bedouins, but with the development and modernization the stage of building schools began, but in the places where the Arab army camps were located, and we see that the first schools were In her forties, she Al-Hussein Secondary School - Al-Quwaira in 1946, the Military Culture Pavilion in Amman (currently Martyr Faisal II College) 1946, and Al-Nasr School in Zarqa (currently the Great Arab Revolt) 1949. Accordingly, the Military Culture Department was established in 1952 and was in its management 14 schools, and then on October 15, 1981 AD was the establishment of the Directorate of Military Education and Culture, which established 20 schools until 2000, and to increase the demand from citizens to establish more military schools, the Directorate continued Building and equipping schools until it reached 42 schools in 2017, accommodating 17,650 students, and the plan is to bring the number of schools in 2021 to 54 schools.

Military culture schools contribute to community development and provide education for children in their housing centers. Also, opening more schools means contributing to reducing unemployment and poverty. Culture schools have daily school feeding programs to achieve health care for students.

The role of military culture in royal honors:

The Directorate of Military Education and Culture supervises the implementation of the royal honor for the children of serving and retired military personnel by allocating 20% of the seats of each university college to the children of serving and retired military personnel. at the expense of The Royal Decree until the year 2016 (482) Four hundred and eighty-two students and the number of those who were granted exemption books until the year 2016 on Article (22) Paragraph (i) of the Military Retirement Law and for all academic levels (diploma, bachelor’s, master’s, doctorate) (2463) Two thousand four hundred and sixty-three male and female students.