Sharif Al-Hussein bin Ali, along with many Arab liberals, would not have waited for what would happen. But there was a series of correspondence with the Ottoman leadership to warn to the danger of war and its negative consequences for Arabs and Muslims, and Sharif Hussein bin Ali advised the Turks not to enter the war in any way. Sharif Al-Hussein's opinions, ideas, and advice did not find any acceptance from the Ottomans administration. Because of the control by the (Dunma) groups - a Jewish group that pretended to be Muslims - on the Ottoman administration and leadership. And Turkey entered the war almost three months after it broke out in 1914, and this was the beginning for the Arabs to think about their future and plan it in the light of the possibilities to come, all of which will be harmful to the Arabs if they do not act momentarily. The situation in the Arab countries deteriorated under Turkish rule, especially in the late 18th century due to the control of many non-Arab elements, and this affected the Arabs, so the nineteenth century is considered the beginning of a new Arab renaissance, and there emerged Arab movements calling for the restoration of the nation to its glorious history and its rightful place, and a growing sense of Arab identity and ambition for independence As a result of this growing sense and growing intellectual opposition to the government of the Union and Progress, this government made important decisions in 1914, the most important of which is the exclusion of Arab officers from the capital to the distant Turkish states, the preparation of the program of Turkification, the encirclement of the opposition reformist movement, the removal of Arab reformers, and the strengthening of the influence of the Union and Progress Committee. The revolution was preceded by important events, the most important of which was the fall of the Arab states one by one in the hands of neo-European colonialism. And sharif Hussein bin Ali was exiled in 1893 to Istanbul "the golden exile" and about fifteen years later Sharif Hussein bin Ali managed to reach the emirate of Mecca and returned to it after the approval of Sultan Abdul Hamid and received by the Arabs congratulating him and expressing their loyalty. Prior to World War I, Turkey declared holy jihad against the Allies, and asked Sharif Hussein bin Ali to declare it, he responded to the Turkish requests saying that he supports the call for jihad with all his heart, but apologized for declaring it under the circumstances. Turkey wanted by its call for jihad to set fire to the Arab world and agitate it. And Sharif Al-Hussein's excuses angered the Turks, although they were convincing, leading to their thinking of isolating him to be succeeded by a prince of Mecca, who would be a more lenient leader than him. And ordered the Turkish governor of Hijaz, Wahib Baik, to secretly pave the way for his arrest without provoking tribes. While at the same time he received a very graceful invitation to visit Damascus to hold discussions with Jamal Pasha. In this period, Sharif Hussein bin Ali began to look for the interest of the Arab nation and where it lies. And the pressure of the Turks increased on him, but the talks between him and Britain had already begun, as Britain was looking for an ally in the region and Sharif Hussein looking for the interests of his Arab nation and the independence of the Arab world. After long talks (Hussein-McMahon talks) and checking the views of the Free Arabs in Damascus, and the agreement on the Damascus Charter in which it was agreed to stand with the allies in exchange for the establishment of an independent Arab state according to clear borders agreed by Britain through the Hussein-McMahon talks.
An Introduction to the Great Arab Revolt
